ارزیابی چالش‌های حمل‌و‌نقلی توسعه زیرساخت‌های انسان‌محور در شهرها همراه با مطالعه موردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در گذشته برای طراحی زیرساخت شبکه حمل­‌و­نقل شهری تنها خودروها به عنوان معیار طراحی قرار گرفته‌اند و تمام پارامترهای طراحی شبکه معابر شهری صرفا با توجه به مشخصات وسایل نقلیه استخراج شده است. با معرفی و توسعه پیاده‌راه به عنوان یک زیرساخت انسان‌محور در مجموعه شبکه معابر شهری، طراحی و حتی تبدیل معابری که قبلا صرفا برای وسایل نقلیه طراحی شده بودند به این نوع از زیرساخت‌ها توسعه یافت. این در حالی است که تبدیل بخش­هایی از شبکه معابر شهری به معابری برای استفاده اختصاصی عابرین پیاده یا به عبارت ساده‌تر پیاده‌راه‌سازی با توجه به ایجاد برخی محدودیت‌ها در سطح شبکه و به خصوص در معابر اطراف پروژه همواره باعث بروز مشکلات مختلف شده است. با این وجود استفاده از روش‌های علمی حمل‌ونقل ‌می‌تواند مانع از بروز مشکلات این‌چنینی در پروژه‌های مذکور شود. هدف عمده این تحقیق ارزیابی تاثیرات ایجاد زیرساخت انسان‌محور در سطوح شبکه و پروژه و کاهش تاثیرات منفی احتمالی آن در راستای افزایش شانس موفقیت این نوع پروژه‌ها است. در همین راستا با انجام مدلسازی در دو سطح کلان‌نگر و خردنگر تبدیل معابر سواره‌رو به زیرساخت پیاده‌روی هم در سطح شبکه و هم در سطح پروژه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مطابق نتایج تحقیق ایجاد زیرساخت پیاده‌روی در سطح شبکه با تبدیل معبر سواره‌رو به پیاده‌راه موجب افزایش 2 درصدی در میزان سفر و نیز افزایش 1.5 درصدی مجموع آلاینده­های تولید شده در سطح شبکه شده و از طرفی باعث کاهش حدود 1 درصدی در میزان تأخیر کل شبکه می‌شود. علاوه بر این باعث کاهش سرعت و افزایش تأخیر در سطح پروژه می‌شود که با برخی اقدامات اصلاحی پیشنهادی می‌توان مقادیر کاهش سرعت و افزایش تأخیر را در راستای موفقیت این نوع پروژه‌ها متعادل کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Human-Oriented Infrastructure Developments and Challenges in Urban Mobility (With Case Study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Mahpour 1
  • Mehdi Mohammadi 2
1 Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Urban transportation networks and infrastructures design, in the traditional way was only car-based and almost all urban road network design parameters were extracted solely according to vehicle specifications and convenience. With the introduction and development of sidewalks as a human- oriented infrastructure in the urban road networks, the design and even conversion of roads that were previously designed exclusively for vehicles was developed into this type of urban infrastructure. However, the conversion of parts of the urban road network into roads for the exclusive use of pedestrians, or in the other words, pedestrianization, due to some restrictions at the network level, and especially in the adjacent roads of the project, always can cause various problems. However, the using some scientific transportation methods can prevent such problems. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of creating pedestrian-oriented infrastructure at the micro and macro levels in the urban network and reduce its potential negative effects in order to increase the chances of success of this type of projects. In this regard, by simulating at both macro and micro levels, the conversion of riding passages to pedestrian infrastructure was examined both at the network level and at the project level. According to the research results, pedestrianization at the network level by converting riding passage to pedestrian infrastructure will increase the amount of trip by 2% and also increase the total produced pollutants at the network level by 1.5% and reduce the total network delay by about 1%. In addition, it reduces the speed and increases the delay at the project level, which with some proposed corrective measures can balance the values of slowing down and increasing the delay in order to succeed in this type of project.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Human-oriented infrastructure
  • developments
  • urban network
  • modeling
  • pedestrianization
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