تأثیر طرح‌های توسعه‌ای حمل و نقل همگانی بر میزان آلودگی هوای شهری با استفاده از روش پویایی سیستم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، ایران

چکیده

تهیه و تدوین راهبرد‌های کنترل آلودگی هوا یک فرایند نسبتاً پیچیده است که جوانب گوناگونی دارد؛ در شبکه­ های حمل‌ونقل شهری نیز برنامه‌های توسعه‌ای وجود دارد، لیکن مدل­ های مورد استفاده عمدتاً قادر به بررسی اثرات متقابل و همزمان کاهشی و افزایشی بر آلودگی هوا نیستند. در این پژوهش یک مدل سیستم دینامیک جهت بررسی پارامترهای مختلف مؤثر بر آلودگی هوا نسبت به بررسی بلندمدت آن‌ها در دوره زمانی 20 ساله ساخته شده است. مدل مد نظر با ایجاد زیرمدل‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی و حمل‌ونقلی و ارتباط توامان آن‌ها جهت بررسی نقش برنامه‌های توسعه‌ای زیرساخت حمل­ و نقل همگانی در میزان آلودگی هوای شهری توسعه داده شده و به ارزیابی و مقایسه عملکرد حمل‌ونقل همگانی و کمک به اتخاذ سیاست‌های راهگشا در جهت برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت آتی آن می ­پردازد. جهت ارزیابی مدل توسعه یافته، نتایج 14 شاخص در تعداد 14 سناریو براساس 3 استراتژی کلی بررسی گردیده و برای ارزیابی سیاست‌ها از سه روش بی‌بعدسازی استفاده شده‌است. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه منجر به ارائه بسته پیشنهادی سیاست‌گذاری حمل‌ونقل همگانی شد که نشان می‌دهد سیاست بهبود کیفیت مترو و اتوبوس تندرو به عنوان بهترین سیاست‌ها در بین سیاست‌های دفعی و جذبی ارزیابی گردیده‌اند. نوآوری این مقاله، بررسی بلندمدت سیاست‌های متعدد و نیز لحاظ تمامی شیوه‌های حمل‌ونقل موجود در مدل پویایی سیستم می‌باشد که نتایج آن می‌تواند اساس سیاست‌گذاری حمل‌ونقل شهری شهر مشهد قرارگیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Public Transport Development Plans on Urban Air Pollution Using System Dynamics Methodology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Borji 1
  • Mansour Hadji Hosseinlou 2
  • Mohamad Hosein Dehnad 3
1 MSc graduate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. University of Technology, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. University of Technology, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

The development of air pollution control strategies is a relatively complex process that has various aspects; there are also development plans in urban transportation networks, but this models are mainly unable to investigate the simultaneous effects of increasing and decreasing on air pollution. In this research, a dynamic system model has been created to investigate various parameters affecting air pollution compared to their long-term study over 20 years. The model is developed by creating economic, social, environmental and transportation sub-models and their simultaneous relationship to study public transport infrastructure development programs in urban air pollution and evaluates and compares the performance of public transportation and helps to adopt innovative policies for its future planning and management. To evaluate the developed model, the results of 14 criteria in 14 scenarios based on 3 general strategies were reviewed and three-dimensionalization methods were used to assess the policies. The results of the study led to the presentation of the proposed package of public transport policy, which shows that the quality improvement policy of the metro and BRT have been evaluated as the best policies among disposal and absorption policies. The novelty of this paper is the long-term review of various policies as well as all modes of transportation in the system dynamics model, the results of which can be the basis of urban transportation policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air Pollution
  • Public Transportation
  • System Dynamics Methodology
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