مدل ارزیابی حساسیت رانندگان نسبت به خطرات جاده ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه ژئوتکنیک و حمل و نقل، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حمل و نقل، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی، مهندسی عمران-عمران، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بسیاری از تصادفات در صورت واکنش به موقع راننده، قابل پبیش‌گیری بوده و یا در صورت وقوع، شدت آن‌ها کم خواهد بود. یکی از گام‌های اصلی قبل از انجام هر واکنش حساسیت رانندگان نسبت به خطر می باشد.. عوامل مختلفی بر حساسیت خطر راننده موثر هستند که بسیاری از آن‌ها، از ویژگی‌های خود راننده می‌باشند. در این تحقیق فرضیه اصلی این بود که ویژگی‌های مختلف راننده شامل ویژگی‌های دموگرافیک، ویژگی‌های سبک زندگی و ویژگی‌های شناختی بر حساسیت آنها نسبت به خطر تأثیر دارند. در این راستا شبیه‌ساز رانندگی بکار گرفته شده و سناریوهای مختلف خطر در راه برون‌شهری توسعه داده شد. در نهایت برای تعیین رابطه حساسیت نسبت به خطر و ویژگی‌های راننده یک مدل معادلات ساختاری جهت ارزیابی پیشنهاد شد. نتایج مدل نشان داد که موثرترین متغیرها تجربه رانندگی و روشنایی می‌باشد. علاوه بر آن حافظه و قاطعیت در تصمیم گیری راننده موجب ارتقای حساسیت او نسبت به خطرات  می­گردد. نتایج این تحقیق در توسعه آموزشها و ارزیابی های راننده و توسعه آزمون گواهینامه رانندکی کاربرد خواهد داشت و می‌تواند حساسیت رانندگان را نسبت به تصادفات با عابر پیاده، حیوانات و موانع ثابت بخصوص در مورد رانندگان جوان و کم‌تجربه افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A model to assess driver hazard sensitivity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Asadamraji 1
  • sina sheikholeslami 2
  • Arman Saffarzadeh 3
1 Assistant Professor,, Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment,, Shahid Behest University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student,, Department of Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Bachelor students, Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Many accidents would have been prevented or less severe if the driver responded on time. One of the main stages before a driver responds is to perceive the hazard. Various variables affect drivers' hazard perception and detection, many of which are driver characteristics. In this research, it was assumed that driver characteristics, such as demographic and cognitive characteristics and lifestyle features, have an impact on driver hazard perception. In this regard, a driving simulator study was conducted and different hazard scenarios of rural road were developed. Finally, a quantitative index and a structural equation model were proposed to determine the relationship between hazard perception and driver characteristics. The results showed that the most effective variables are the kilometer-driven in the past three years as well as daytime (day or night) of the driving scenario. In addition, better memory and decision making abilities can improve driver hazard perception. The results of this study will also be used to design and develop driving tests after training or rehabilitation processes, and can be used for measuring the sensitivity of drivers to pedestrian crashes, animals and constant obstacles, especially for young and inexperienced drivers.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • hazard sensitivity
  • driving assessment
  • road hazards

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 دی 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1398

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