ارزیابی تأثیر عوامل مختلف بر ایمنی عابرین‌پیاده با استفاده از وقایع نزدیک به تصادف

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی راه و ترابری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی راه و ترابری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

چکیده

پیاده‌روی قدیمی‌ترین شیوه حمل‌ونقل است که همچنان در زندگی روزمره بشر نقش پررنگی دارد و با گسترش استفاده از وسایل نقلیه موتوری، بحث ایمنی عابرپیاده در جایگاه ویژه‌ای قرار گرفته است. عوامل گوناگونی در ایمنی عابرپیاده دخیل هستند که یکی از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها، ویژگی‌ها و رفتارهای عابرپیاده است. جهت بررسی تأثیر عوامل مختلف نیاز به داده‌های مرتبط و معتبر بوده و از آن‌جا که در بانک داده تصادفات، متغیرهای مربوط به داده‌های رفتاری مانند شرایط روحی عابرپیاده یافت نمی‌شود، در این مقاله از وقایع نزدیک به تصادف به جای تصادفات استفاده شده است. در این راستا، یک پرسشنامه تهیه و اطلاعاتی از جنبه‌های مختلف مرتبط با 378 عابرپیاده همراه با تعداد وقایع نزدیک به تصادف آن‌ها برداشت شد. در ادامه تأثیر عوامل مختلف بر ایمنی عابرین‌پیاده بررسی گردید. در این راستا،  اثر خصوصیات مختلف افراد (شامل سن، تحصیلات، درآمد، میزان تجربه رانندگی)، سلامت روان، تجربه پیاده­روی، سوابق تخلفات و احساس ایمنی هنگام پیاده­روی بر ایمنی عابرین‌پیاده با در نظر گرفتن وقایع نزدیک به تصادف و به کارگیری روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم­افزار SmartPLS بررسی شده است. نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان داد که سوابق تخلفات عابرپیاده با ضریب معناداری 809/3 بیشترین تأثیر و خصوصیات عابرپیاده شامل سن، تحصیلات، متوسط درآمد ماهیانه و تجربه رانندگی با ضریب معناداری 127/2 کمترین تأثیر را بر روی ایمنی عابرپیاده دارند. همچنین سلامت روان با ضریب معناداری 515/2، تجربه پیاده‌روی با ضریب معناداری 446/2 و احساس ایمنی عابرپیاده هنگام پیاده‌روی با ضریب معناداری 308/2 بر روی ایمنی عابرپیاده تأثیرگذار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Factors on Pedestrian Safety by Near-Crash Events

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdieh Kamali 1
  • Navid Nadimi 2
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Road and Transportation Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Road and Transportation Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Walking is the most traditional mode of transportation that still plays an important role in daily life and since the development of motor vehicles, the issue of pedestrian safety has become important. One of the most important factors affecting pedestrian safety is pedestrian characteristics and behaviors. Valid data are needed for investigating the effects of various factors. However, variables related to behavioral data such as mental conditions cannot be found in the crash database. Thus, in this study, instead of crash data, near-crash data was used. in this regard, using a questionnaire, the number of near-crash data and various aspects of 378 pedestrians' data were collected. Then, the effects of different factors on the pedestrian safety were investigated. In this regard, the effects of various personal characteristics (included age, education, average monthly income and driving years), mental health, walking experience, violations and the feeling of safety while walking on the pedestrian safety were investigated by considering near-crash events and using SEM technique and SmartPLS software. Results indicated that, among the study factors, the violations with a loading of 3.809 and the pedestrians' personal characteristics included age, education, average monthly income and driving years, with a loading of 2.127 have the most and the least impacts on the pedestrian safety. Besides, mental health with a 2.515, walking experience with a 2.446 and the feeling of pedestrian safety while walking with a 2.308 loading affect pedestrian safety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pedestrian characteristics
  • Pedestrian safety
  • Structural equation modeling
  • Traffic conflict technique
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