Analysis and Modeling Factors Effecting Helmet-use by Motorcycle Riders, a Case Study: City of Mashhad

60 percent of motorcyclist fatalities in traffic accidents of Iran are due to head injuries. Using motorcycle safety helmet is the main solution to prevent probable head injuries of motorcycle riders. Although, helmet-use law approved in Iran 12 years ago, the prevalence of helmet-use among motorcyclists remains low. This study investigates factors associated with helmet-use among motorcycle riders of Mashhad city based on data collected through face-to-face interviews. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data reduction and identification of behavioral factors. Ordered and multinomial logit were applied to statistically describe helmet-use as a non-deterministic behavior. According to the statements of motorcyclists, rate of helmet-use is 47 percent, but in 14 percent of cases helmets were not used properly. In addition, 5 percent of motorcyclists believed in malicious impact of helmets on their safety. Norms, attitude toward helmet-use, risky traffic behavior and awareness of traffic rules were found to be the key determinants of helmet-use, while no appropriate significance was found for perception of enforcement strictness. Duration of daily trips with motorcycle, riding experience and type of job were affecting helmet-use. Results indicate that training and cultural programs to improve social norms and attitudes toward the use of motorcycle helmets beside effective law enforcement techniques possibly increase proper use of helmets between Iranian motorcyclists. In addition, special safety courses should be approved for motorcyclists who have committed traffic violations.