بهبود ظرفیت تخلیه اضطراری جمعیت در ایستگاه‌های مترو (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه متروی خیابان گیلان در تهران)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر دکتری تخصصی معماری، دانشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد ورامین(پیشوا)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، دانشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
امروزه سامانه حمل‌ونقل ریلی مسافران، یکی از بهترین گزینه‌ها در کلان‌شهرها به شمار می‌رود. افزایش روزافزون تعداد مسافران که از این سامانه، توجه بیشتری را به موضوع  ایمنی جمعیت معطوف می‌سازد. ازآنجاکه ایستگاه‌های مترو دارای محدودیت فضایی‌اند؛ بروز هر رخداد غیرمنتظره‌ای، می‌تواند موجب وحشت، آسیب و تلفات مسافران شود. لذا بهبود ظرفیت تخلیه ایستگاه‌ها، از دغدغه‌های مدیران شهری محسوب می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی و بهبود ظرفیت تخلیه اضطراری در ایستگاه‌های مترو، از طریق تجزیه‌وتحلیل عوامل کالبدی-مدیریتی، و تأثیرگذاری  آن بر مدت‌زمان تخلیه کامل ایمن و جمعیت است. این مولفه ها شامل: بهره‌گیری از پله‌های برقی مخالف، هدایتِ بخشی از جمعیت به پله‌های فرار و حذف دستگاه‌های کنترل خروج مسافران است. روش تحقیق حاضر، به لحاظ ماهیت، کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی و نتایج آن، تبیینی است. در این مقاله، با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد عامل-محور، جهت شبیه‌سازی خروج اضطراری جمعیت، بر اساس سناریوهای محتمل؛ اقدام به ارزیابی و تبیین مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر مدت‌زمان تخلیه جمعیت در شرایط اضطراری شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نمایانگر آن بوده است که حذف گیت‌های کنترل مسافران در مسیر خروج، تأثیر اندکی بر مهلت خروج مسافران داشته درصورتی‌که تغییر چرخش حرکت پله‌های برقی و همسوسازی آن، این مدت را از 414 ثانیه به 400 ثانیه تقلیل می‌دهد. امکان بهره‌برداری از پله‌های فرار در دو سوی انتهایی سکو، مهلت تخلیه را به 299 ثانیه و تجمیع تمهیدات مذکور، مهلت تخلیه را به 297 ثانیه می‌تواند کاهش دهد. نتیجه این‌که: با شناسایی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر و محتمل، و مدیریت آگاهانه آن‌ها، امکان کاهش مدت‌زمان تخلیه و درنتیجه کاهش آسیب‌ها و تلفات انسانی، در شرایط اضطراری وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Improving the Emergency Evacuation Capacity of the Population at Metro Stations (Case Study: Gilan Street Metro Station in Tehran)

نویسندگان English

ALI SAFARIFARD 1
mohammadreza mansoori 2
Leila Karimifard 3
1 PhD researcher in Architecture, Faculty of Arts, Architecture and Urbanism, Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Varamin (Pishva) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Arts, Architecture and Urbanism, Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Today, passenger rail transport systems are considered one of the best options in metropolitan areas. The increasing number of passengers using this system draws more attention to the issue of crowd safety. Since metro stations have spatial limitations, any unexpected incident can lead to panic, injury, and casualties among passengers. Therefore, improving the evacuation capacity of stations is a concern for urban managers. The aim of this research is to assess and enhance the emergency evacuation capacity at metro stations by analyzing structural and managerial factors, and their impact on the time required for safe and complete evacuation of the crowd. These factors include the use of opposing escalators, directing part of the crowd to emergency exits, and removing passenger exit control devices. This study is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in type, with explanatory results. In this paper, an agent-based approach is utilized to simulate emergency crowd evacuation based on potential scenarios, evaluating and explaining the factors affecting the evacuation time under emergency conditions. The findings of this research indicate that the removal of passenger control gates along the exit path has a minimal effect on the evacuation time, while changing the direction of escalator movement and aligning it reduces this time from 414 seconds to 400 seconds. Utilizing emergency exits at both ends of the platform can reduce the evacuation time to 299 seconds, and combining the aforementioned measures can further decrease the evacuation time to 297 seconds. In conclusion, by identifying effective and potential factors and managing them wisely, it is possible to reduce evacuation time and consequently minimize injuries and human casualties in emergency situations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Metro station
emergency evacuation of crowds
evacuation simulation
evacuation management
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دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 65
تابستان 1404
صفحه 4897-4914

  • تاریخ دریافت 14 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 14 مهر 1403