Methodology of Damage Detection and Weight in Motion Performance under Traffic Loading Based on Self-Sensing Concrete

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Ph.D. Grad., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University, Tehran,Iran.

3 Ph.D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

4 Ph.D Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, , Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the possibility of using sensors to determine the vehicle loads in the pavement simultaneously with the  damage detection sensor  activity, was investigated. In this research, the possibilities of using damage detection sensor as piezoresistive sensor was investigated simultaneously. With this sensor, in addition to health monitoring and propagation of cracks in their structures over the time, they were also used as a sensor to determine the vehicle load and counter cars. In order to simulate conditions of concrete sensor embedded in concrete pavement, a small concrete sensor was buried  in concrete beam as an element of concrete pavement. In order to formulate  the traffic load on the pavement, concrete beam was tested under different magnitudes of dynamic loads. The results showed that the maximum external load exerted on the sensor (Fmax) with a maximum response of the sensor (Smax) is related to the  proportion of force-time curve slope (tgα) sensor response - time curve slope (tgβ). It also continues to evaluate the behavior of the sensor damage detection concrete sensor by loading in static regime up to failure. The results showed the point of failure, growth of crack propagation and separation of concrete beam were clearly shown by sensor response. Therefore, it can be concluded that use of damage detection sensor for piezoresistive application is possible and the sensor can evaluate the load with of high-precision formulation (R2adj.> 0.99).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-AASHTO. )1993) "AASHTO guide for design of pavement structures", Washangton D.C.: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
-Adresi, Mostafa, Hassani, A. Javadian, S. and Tulliani, J. (2016) “Determining the Surfactant consistent with concrete in order to achieve the maximum possible dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in keeping the plain concrete properties”, Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 2016, pp. 1–10.
-Adresi, Mostafa, Hassani,  A., Tulliani, J., Lacidogna, G. and Antonaci, P. (2016) “A Study on the main factors affecting the performance of self-sensing concrete”,  Advances in Cement Research , Vol. 29, Issue 5, pp. 1-14.
-ASTM:C192/C192M-13. )2013. “Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory”, ASTM International 4: pp. 1–8.
-ASTM C78. )2012) “Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (Using simple beam with center-point loading).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 12–14.
-Azhari, Faezeh and Nemkumar, Banthia )2012) “Cement-based sensors with carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes for piezoresistive sensing”, Cement and Concrete Composites Vol. 34 , No. 7,  Elsevier Ltd: pp. 866–873.
-Azhari, Faezeh, and Nemkumar,  Banthia )2015( “A 3D percolation model for conductive fibrous composites: application in cement-based sensors”,  Journal of Materials Science Vol. 50, No. 17,  Springer US: pp. 5817–5821.
-Baeza, Francisco Javier, Galao, O., Zornoza, E. and Garcés, P. )2013( “multifunctional cement composites strain and damage sensors applied on reinforced concrete (RC) Structural Elements”,  Materials, Vol. 6 No. 3,  pp. 841–855.
-Bontea, Dragos-Marian, Chung, D. D. L. and Lee, G. C. )2000. “Damage in carbon fiber-reinforced concrete, monitored by electrical resistance measurement”,  Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 30, No. 4,  pp. 651–659.
-Chiarello, Manuela, and Zinno, Raffaele )2005) “Electrical conductivity of self-monitoring CFRC”,  Cement and Concrete Composites Vol. 27, No. 4,  pp. 463–469.
-Du, Hongjian, Quek, Ser Tong and Dai Pang, Sze (2013) “Smart multifunctional cement mortar containing graphite nanoplatelet”,  Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, No.  8692 ,  pp. 1–10.
-Galao, O., Baeza, F.J., Zornoza, E. and Garcés, P. )2014) “Strain and damage sensing properties on multifunctional cement composites with CNF admixture”,  Cement and Concrete Composites, No.  46. pp. 90–98.
-Gao, Di, Sturm, Mariel and Mo, Y L. )2011( “Electrical resistance of carbon-nanofiber concrete”,  Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 20, No. 4,  pp. 49501.
-Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan, Taylor, Peter,  Birgisson, Bjorn and and Attoh-Okine, Nii O. (Eds.) )2011( "Nanotechnology in civil infrastructure a paradigm shift",  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
-Han, Baoguo, Ding, Siqi and Yu,  Xun ) 2015( “Intrinsic self-sensing concrete and structures: a review”, Measurement No. 59. pp. 110–128.
-Han, Baoguo and Ou, Jinping )2007( “Embedded piezoresistive cement-based stress/strain sensor”,  Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical,  Vol. 138, No. 2,  pp. 294–298.
-Han, Baoguo, Sun, Shengwei, Siqi Ding, Liqing Zhang, Xun Yu and Jinping Ou )2015) “Review of nanocarbon-engineered multifunctional cementitious composites”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Vol. 70, pp. 69–81.
-Han, Baoguo, Yu, Xun and Kwon, Eil )2009. “A Self-sensing carbon nanotube/cement composite for traffic monitoring” , Nanotechnology Vol. 20, No. 44, pp. 445-501.
-Han, Baoguo, Yu, Xun and Ou,  Jinping )2014) “Chapter 5 - Sensing properties of self-sensing concrete”,  In Self-Sensing Concrete in Smart Structures, pp. 95–162.
-Han, Baoguo, Zhang, Kun,  Yu, Xun , Kwon, Eil and Ou,  Jinping )2012( “Electrical characteristics and pressure-sensitive response measurements of carboxyl MWNT/cement composites”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.  34, No. 6, pp. 794–800.
-Kim, H. K., Park, I. S. and Lee, H. K. )2014( “Improved piezoresistive sensitivity and stability of cnt/cement mortar composites with low water-binder ratio”,  Composite Structures,  No. 116, pp. 713–719.
-Konsta-Gdoutos, Maria,  S. and Chrysoula,  Aza )2014( “Self sensing carbon nanotube (cnt) and nanofiber (cnf) cementitious composites for real time damage assessment in smart structures”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 53. pp. 162–169.
-Li, Chunyu and Chou, Tsu-Wei )2008) “Modeling of damage sensing in fiber composites using carbon nanotube networks”,  Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68, No. 15–16, pp. 3373–3379.
-Saafi, Mohamed )2009( “Wireless and embedded carbon nanotube networks for damage detection in concrete structures”,  Nanotechnology Vol. 20 , No. 39,  pp. 395502.
-Schulte, K. and Baron, Ch. )1989) “Load and failure analyses of CFRP laminates by means of electrical resistivity measurements”,  Composites Science and Technology , Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 63-76.
-Shi, Zeng Qiang and Chung, D. D. L. )1999( “Carbon fiber-reinforced concrete for traffic monitoring and weighing in motion",  Cement and Concrete Research , Vol. 29, No. 3,  pp. 435–439.
-Sun, Ming-qing, Liew, Richard J.Y.,  Zhang, Min-Hong and Li,  Wei )2014)  “Development of cement-based strain sensor for health monitoring of ultra high strength concrete”,  Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 65,  pp. 630–637.
-Sun, Shengwei, Yu, Xun and Han,  Baoguo )2014( “Sensing mechanism of self-monitoring CNT cementitious composite”, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 42, No. 1,  pp. 20120302.
-Veedu, Vmod P-. (2010) “Multifunctional cementitious nanocomposite material and methods of making the same”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 26, pp. 529-543.
-Wen, Sihai and Chung, D. D L (2006) “Self-sensing of flexural damage and strain in carbon fiber reinforced cement and effect of embedded steel reinforcing bars”, Carbon, Vol. 44, No. 8,  pp. 1496–1502.
-Wilson, Jon (2005) " Sensor technology handbook",  Elsevier.
-Xiao, Huigang, Li, Hui and Ou, Jinping (2010) “Modeling of piezoresistivity of carbon black filled cement-based composites under multi-axial strain”, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 160, No.1–2,  pp. 87–93.
- Xiao, Huigang, Li, Hui and Ou, Jinping (2011) “Strain sensing properties of cement-based sensors embedded at various stress zones in a bending concrete beam”, Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, Vol. 167, No. 2,  Elsevier B.V.: pp. 581–587.
-Yoder, E. J. and  Witczak, ‎M. W. (1975) "Principles of pavement design", second edition,  John Wily and Sons.
-Yu, Xun and Kwon, Eil (2012) "Carbon nanotube based self-sensing concrete for pavement structural health monitoring", Center for Transportation Studies,  University of Minnesota.
-Yu, Xun, and Kwon, Eil (2009). “A carbon nanotube/cement composite with Piezoresistive properties”, Smart Materials and Structures , Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 55010.
-Zhang, Jinrui, Lu, Youyuan,  Lu, Zeyu, Liu, Chao,  Sun, Guoxing and Li, Zongjin (2015) “A new smart traffic monitoring method using embedded cement-based Piezoelectric sensors”,  Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 24, No. 2,  pp. 25023.
 
 
Quarterly Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 34
January 2018
Pages 139-154

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 26 November 2016
  • Accept Date: 03 December 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics