تحلیل رفتار عابران در مواجهه با وسایل نقلیه هنگام عبور از گذرگاه های میان تقاطعی

شکرگذار, مهدی; دهشیری, محمدعلی; اکبرزاده, میثم

doi:10.22119/jte.2020.88160

تحلیل رفتار عابران در مواجهه با وسایل نقلیه هنگام عبور از گذرگاه های میان تقاطعی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی تکنیک تهران)، تهران، ایران

² دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

³ استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی حمل و نقل، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

10.22119/jte.2020.88160

چکیده

بیشترین صدمات عابران، هنگام عبور از عرض خیابان و به خصوص در گذرگاه‌های عابرپیاده میان‌تقاطعی بدون چراغ راهنمایی اتفاق می‌افتد. بر این اساس درک رفتاری عابران و یافتن پارامترهای موثر به هنگام عبور می‌تواند از نقطه نظر ایمنی بسیار مهم باشد. در این مقاله سعی شده با بررسی رفتار عابران پیاده در تداخل با وسایل نقلیه، عوامل موثر در پذیرش فاصله عابر تا خودروی نزدیک‌شونده توسط عابران، هنگام عبور از گذرگاه‌های عابر پیاده بین تقاطعی تعیین گردد. بدین منظور پس از مشخص کردن محل های مناسب، تصویربرداری انجام گردید. با تحلیل و بررسی تصاویر ویدیویی، متغیرهای متعددی در نظر گرفته شد و داده‌های مربوطه استخراج گردید. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، ارتباط بین ویژگی‌های عابران با زمان انتظار آنان در کنار خیابان برای عبور از عرض خیابان و همچنین تلاش‌های صورت گرفته برای عبور ایمن و پذیرش فاصله توسط عابران در قالب دو مدل ارائه گردید. در مدل زمان انتظار، نتایج نشان داد، زن‌ها نسبت به مردها، زمان انتظار کمتری دارند و از طرفی با افزایش سن، زمان انتظار نیز بیشتر می‌شود. محتاط بودن عابر نیز موجب افزایش زمان انتظار می‌گردد. در مدل پذیرش فاصله که با استفاده از رگرسیون لوجستیک به صورت تابع احتمال بدست آمد، متغیرهای فاصله عابر تا خودرو نزدیک‌شونده و نیز دنباله‌روی عابر از نفر جلویی درحال‌گذر از عرض خیابان، متغیرهای تاثیرگذار بر‌ روی احتمال پذیرش فاصله توسط عابر بودند. نتیجه آنکه، عابرینی که تحت تاثیر نفر جلویی در حال عبور از عرض خیابان می باشند (عابر دنباله‌رو)، از احتمال بالاتری برای پذیرش فاصله برخوردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20086598.1399.11.3.4.2

موضوعات

ایمنی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis pedestrian’s behavior in expose to vehicles at mid-block crosswalks.

نویسندگان [English]

Mehdi ShokreGozar ¹
Mohammad Ali Dehshiri ²
Meisam Akbarzadeh ³

¹ MSc. Grad., Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

² MSc. Grad., Department of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Transportation Eng., Isfahan University of Technology

چکیده [English]

Abstract
The most injuries of pedestrians happen when crossings, especially at mid-block crosswalk without traffic lights. Based on this, understanding the behavior of pedestrians and finding effective parameters during crossing can be very important from the point of view of safety. In this article, we tried to analyze pedestrian’s behavior in expose to vehicles, and determine effective factors in gap acceptance at mid-block crosswalk. For this purpose, filming was performed after identify suitable locations. By analyzing videos, effective variables were considered. After analyzing the data, the relationship between the characteristics of pedestrians by with their waiting time along the street to crossing was determined. Also attempts to safety pass and gap acceptance were presented in two models. In the waiting time model, the results showed that women had lower waiting time than men. By increasing age, the waiting time also increases. The cautiousness of the pedestrian also increases the waiting time. In the gap acceptance model, which was obtained as a probability function by using logistic regression, the distance between the pedestrian to the approaching vehicle and following mode were influential variables on the probability of accepting the distance by pedestrians. The result was shown following pedestrians are more likely to accept the distance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Pedestrians
injuries
traffic safety
gap acceptance model

مراجع

- Bargi, W. A. A., Daniel, B. D. and Muftah, M. M. (2017) “Mid-block crossing behavior: a study of pedestrians and vehicles interaction along urban streets in Malaysia ”, International Conference on Urban Design & Cities Planning, New Zealand: 15 July 2017.

- Brosseau, M., Zangenehpour, S., Saunier, N. and Miranda-Moreno, L. (2013) “The impact of waiting time and other factors on dangerous pedestrian crossings and violations at signalized intersections: A case study in Montreal”, Transportation Research Part F, Vol. 21, pp. 159–172.

- Elahi, Z. and Akbarzadeh, M. (2016) “The effect of multi-directionality on pedestrian flow behavior”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol.8, No. 3, pp. 473-483 (In Persian).

- Ferenchak, N. and Marshall, W. (2017) “Are our cities making our roads unsafe? The impact of land use configurations on child pedestrian injuries”, Journal of Transport & Health, Vol.7, No. Supplement, pp. S15-S16.

- Geruschat, D. R. and Hassan, S. E. (2005) “Driver behavior in yielding to sighted and blind pedestrians at roundabouts”, Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, Vol.99, No. 5, pp. 286-302.

- Griffiths, J. D., Hunt, J. G. and Marlow, M. (1984) “Delays at pedestrian crossings”, Traffic Engineering & Control, Vol.25, No. 7, pp. 365-371.

- Hamed, M. M. (2001) “Analysis of pedestrian behaviour at pedestrian crossing”, Safety Science, Vol.38, No. 1, pp. 63-82.

- Harrell, W. A. (1993) “The impact of pedestrian visibility and assertiveness on motorist yielding”, The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.133, No. 3, pp. 353-360.

- Kadali, B. R. and Perumal, V. (2012) “Pedestrians’ Gap Acceptance Behavior at Mid Block Location”, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, No. 2, pp. 158-161.

- Katz, A., Zaidel, D. and Elgrishi, A. (1975) “An experimental study of driver and pedestrian interaction during the crossing conflict”, Human Factors, Vol.17, No. 5, pp. 514-527.

- Khaki, M. and Mohammadnazar A, (2017) "Pedestrian gap acceptance model at uncontrolled mid-block crosswalks", The 16 international Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Tehran, March 2017.

- Kim, S. and Ulfarsson, G. F. (2018) “Traffic safety in an aging society: Analysis of older pedestrian crashes”, Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, Vol.10, No. 4, pp. 1-10.

- Lavalette, B. C. d., Tijus, C., Poitrenaud, S., Leproux, C., Bergeron, J. and Thouez, J. P. (2009) “Pedestrian crossing decision-making: A situational and behavioral approach”, Safety Science, Vol.47, No. 9, pp. 1248-1253.

- Lee, C. and Aty, M. (2005)" Comprehensive analysis of vehicle pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida", Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol.37, No. 4, pp. 775-786.

- Lobjois, R. and Cavallo, V. (2007) “Age-related differences in street-crossing decisions: the effects of vehicle speed and time constraints on gap selection in an estimation task”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol.39, No. 5, pp. 934-943.

- NHTSA. (2012) “Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crash Statistics” [Online]. Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Traffic Safety Facts.

- Nor, S. N. M., Daniel, B. D., Hamidun, R., Bargi, W. A. A., Rohani, M. M., Prasetijo, J., Aman, M. Y. and Ambak, K. (2017) “Analysis of Pedestrian Gap Acceptance and Crossing Decision in Kuala Lumpur”, MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol.103, No. 1, pp. 1-8.

- Oxley, J. A., Ihsen, E., Fildes, B. N., Charlton, J. L. and Day, R. H. (2005) “Crossing roads safely: An experimental study of age differences in gap selection by pedestrians”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol.37, No. 5, pp. 962-971.

- Papadimitriou, E., Lassarre, S. and Yannis, G. (2016) “Introducing human factors in pedestrian crossing behaviour models”, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Vol.36, No. 1, pp. 69-82.

- Richard, R., Heather, R. and Sam, S. (2016) “Pedestrian Traffic Fatalities by State: 2015 Preliminary Data”. Governors Highway Safety Association (Report).

- Schroedera, B. J. and Rouphaila, N. M. (2011) “Empirical Behavioral Models to Support Alternative Tools for the Analysis of Mixed-Priority Pedestrian Vehicle Interaction in a Highway Capacity Context”, 6th International Symposium on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service, Stockholm, Sweden: June 28 – July 1, 2011.

- Sheikhfard, A. and Haghigh, F. (2017) "Modeling driving behavior in pedestrians exposure by using logistic regression model", Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol.9, No. 4, pp. 675-692 (In Persian).

- Simpson, G., Johnston, L. and Richardson, M. (2003) “An investigation of road crossing in a virtual environment”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol.35, No. 5, pp. 787-796.

- Sun, D., Ukkusuri, S. V. S. K., Benekohal, R. F. and Waller, S. T. (2003) “Modeling of motorist-pedestrian interaction at uncontrolled mid-block crosswalks”, 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Record, Washington, DC: 12-16 January 2003.

- Teknomo, K., Takeyama, Y. and Inamura, H. (2016) “Microscopic pedestrian simulation model to evaluate "lane-like segregation" of pedestrian crossing”, Physics and Society, Vol.23, No. 37, pp. 1-11.

- Varhely, A. (1998) “Drivers speed behaviour at a zebra crossing: a case study”, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol.30, No. 6, pp. 731-743.

- Werner B. and Nicola, M. (2002) "Eight cities walking: comparative data on walking as a transport mode from cities in Europe, Australia and the US, Portland"

- Yannis, G., Papadimitriou, E. and Theofilatos, A. (2010) “Pedestrian gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing”, International Conference on 12th WCTR, National Technical University of Athens, Lisbon: 11-15 July 2010.

- Zhang, C., Zhou, B., Qiu, T. Z. and Liu, S. (2018) “Pedestrian crossing behaviors at uncontrolled multi-lane mid-block crosswalks in developing world”, Journal of Safety Research, Vol.64, No. 1, pp. 145-154.. s are more likely to accept the distance.